The National Security Scam - 1117 Words

September 11th, 2001, arguably the most unforgettable day in modern history of the United States of America. It is a day that acts as a launch pad for the National Security Agency (NSA) and the plea for unlawful surveillance of Americans. The National Security Agency is understood to have the power to â€Å"global monitoring, collection, decoding, and analysis -- through clandestine means -- of information for foreign intelligence and counterintelligence purposes† (Nsa 1). Following 9/11, the Bush administration created the USA PATRIOT Act, established in a time of distress. â€Å"The USA PATRIOT Act, giving the government the power to search phone records, emails, and other forms of communication to gather intelligence† (Nsa 1). It lives on today under the control of President Obama who has forged compliances with big name companies to access intelligence on all scales in a primarily digital world. Considering the power of the government, anything can be deemed â€Å" legal† with the votes and fabricated statements of a bright future given by authorized lawmakers. The covert operating style of the National Security Agency allows for the collection of an unreasonable amount of communication records making a mockery of one’s way of life and guaranteed liberties. Since the introduction of the Fourth Amendment, the people of the United States of America have been given the right to privacy. The interpretation of the Fourth Amendment as it stands today is in a state of corruption due to theShow MoreRelatedINDIA ELECTION 20141683 Words   |  7 Pagesphases to better handle the large electoral base and security concerns. Congress had a empathic victory in 2009 lok sabha elections .UPA- 2 started on a high by wining almost full majority of its own.However ,their second term has been marred with controversies and corruption allegations.Starting with common wealth game scam,every few monthes saw a new scam coming out like Adarsh society scam and the biggest of all 2 G scam coal scam land aquastion scam,.Fuel and commodity prices have raisen sharply inRead MoreThe Role Of Digital Data And Associated Information System1656 Words   |  7 Pages2013). This report is based on the case study of National Australia Bank in order to analyse the challenges that are faced by the Bank in the fields of data management and data governance. The impacts created by information system and its management on business model of â€Å"National Australia Bank â€Å"are also discussed in the report. It has been found that increased impact of Digital data has expanded the horizon of business opportunities available for â₠¬Å"National Bank of Australia† to a larger extent. The incorporationRead MoreTrends in Cybercrime1083 Words   |  5 Pageswith today within this paper will address the following key elements; the types of scams are associated with the cybercrime, are there certain profile that cybercriminal have who commits this type of cybercrime. Are law enforcement initiatives to combat this crime enough, the penalties for committing these crimes what are they. Trends in cyber-crime In today business world the economy and national security have become heavily dependent on the internet, and will continue to be adversely impactedRead MoreNeglect As Defined By Merriam Webster Essay1515 Words   |  7 Pagesdefined as persons sixty and up. Senior neglect is not fulfilling a caretaking obligation. It could also include putting your elderly grandparents or parent on the backburner. Not giving them the attention and love they deserve. According to the National Center on elder abuse ninety percent of the roughly two percent of elderly neglect cases actually reported to the authorities are committed by a family member- whether intentional or not. They are not only neglected by their caregivers and or theirRead MoreDigital Ethics And Cyber Enactment Laws1597 Words   |  7 Pagesto take after digital morals and digital laws so that the expanding digital violations will lessen (Olumide Victor, 2010). Securities programming like hostile to infections and against spy products ought to be introduced on all PCs, keeping in mind the end goal to stay secure from digital violations. Web access Providers ought to likewise give abnormal state of security at their servers with a specific end goal to keep their customers secure from a wide range of infections and pernicious projectsRead MoreInvestigative Journalism1637 Words   |  7 Pagesto be an eye opener for several ordinary citizens . Public can closely follow several issues. This is a stupendous improvement perhaps investigative journalism is taking a tweak in its favour most times. ` ` ` ` The exposure of scams and fraud cases of the Government The alertness amongst common people due to in depth investigation of major issues like 26/11 attacks or the 13/7 triple blasts in Mumbai. The dependency on media to know what the latest facts and stories areRead MoreCyber Crime And The Internet1326 Words   |  6 Pagestechnological advances, the ubiquity of cybercrime is increasing dramatically. Common Scams Identity Theft – Egregious Frauds Internet fraud usually happens in the form of scams which are revised versions of fraudulent schemes that use telemarketing, high pressure sales tactics and unrealistic claims of potential profits or earnings to sway the victims. The National Consumers League (NCL) operates the National Fraud Information Center, which estimates that there are 14,000 illegal telemarketingRead MoreThe Ponzi Scheme and Mental Illness Essay1236 Words   |  5 Pageson these stamps. So where were all these profits coming from? The investors that invested early received payments from the later investors. The scam started 26 DEC 1919 and by 26 July 1920 the Massachusetts district attorney shut down the scam. 7 months was all it took to turn a $200 loan into $10 million. After the word got out about the scam people began demanding their money back. He claimed he could pay the investors back at face value and unmatured stamps at a reduced rate. Ponzi continuedRead MoreCyber Security Threats And Crimes1279 Words   |  6 Pages Cyber security threats/crimes Before people even knew you could do so much with computers and internet beside common work activity before it got popular and admired, criminals had to get a lot more personal when retrieving their personal information like dig through trash, steal or break into their mailboxes, are buy it from a somebody who sold other people identity was some of the way criminal got people personal information. Now many of people aroundRead MoreAlthough only required to discuss two associations this writer thought it was important to discuss1000 Words   |  4 PagesSEC as they are directly connected to FINRA in that they take litigation cases, and fraud cases from FINRA and follows up on whether any security laws or criminal laws were broken. Once they investigate the wrong doing they proceed with the corrective action that best suits the offense not excluding criminal prosecution and jail time. According to the Securities and Exchange Commission (2014) website the mission of the SEC is to â⠂¬Å"protect investors, maintain fair, orderly, and efficient markets, and

The Soviet Revolution Of Ussr - 872 Words

1. America was always anti-communist however they were also isolationists until after 1945. In WWII the US fought alongside Russia. Russia, however, was communist ever since the Russian Revolution in 1917. The Russian Revolution also brought to the surface USSR (United Soviet Socialist Republics). The USSR was the only real controlling party of Russia from 1917-99. Because of the anti-communist tension of the US, the US did not recognize the legitimacy of the USSR until 1934. So even though the US fought alongside USSR in WWII, there was always a sort of mistrust. The US has changed since 1945. Firstly, the US’ foreign policy changed. Before 1945 the US practiced isolationism, which let them believe whatever they wanted but not actually act. After WWII, the US became the world’s policeman. WWII did not drain the US’ economy, in fact it improved it significantly, whereas other countries fell, it left a place up on top for the US. So the US became a world power and an interventionist nation, throwing isolationism right out the door; but it does not stop there. The US is also determined to stop the spread of communism, and starting in 1993 the war on terrorism. And as soon as WWII ends the Cold War starts with the USSR. 2. One of the most important presidents during the Cold War was Harry S. Truman. He set forth the notion of containment. Containment is where the US tried to contain communism in every country they could. A great fear was that of the domino effect, theShow MoreRelatedUssr And The Soviet Revolution2076 Words   |  9 PagesAfter the end of World War II, there was a bipolar world with the two superpowers being the United States and the United Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). Though they fought together in the war to defeat Hitler and the Axis powers, their lifestyles were too different to remain allies once it ended. The United States had a capitalist economy with free-markets whereas the USSR was a communist nation. Due to this, the two nations were in the midst of a Cold War. Instead of fighting with armies, theyRead MoreWhat Were the Turning-Point Events That Kept Relations Between the Soviet Union and China Hostile for over 20 Years?846 Words   |  4 Pagesevents that kept re lations between the Soviet Union and China hostile for over 20 years? There were many disputes between China and Russia between the 1950s and 1960s. The disputes may be caused by ideological differences, self-interest, personalities of the leaders, or domestic problems. Mao and Stalin had ideological differences. Although Mao and Stalin’s ideologies are based on Marxism, Stalin believed Mao using the peasants as the basis for revolution is not the right interpretation of MarxismRead MoreThe Revolution Of The Soviet Revolution1371 Words   |  6 Pagesthe USSR. His leadership in the revolutionary Bolshevik party served as an important model for later revolutionary leaders of the 20th century. Lenin’s works made important contributions to the development of revolutionary socialist theory. Many may feel that Lenin had little impact on the rest of the world, but this is frankly just not true. Through the Bolshevik Revolution, Lenin brought about the USSR and the basic idea of communism. Lenin had bright ideas for the future of the USSR, andRead MoreWorld Revolution Vs. Soviet Policy1388 Words   |  6 Pages Initially the need for a world revolution dominated Bolshevik ideals to such an extent that foreign policy in the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) was regarded as unnecessary. Soviet Policy was dominated by conflicting ideologies; the Marxist ideological view, and the Commissariat’s traditional policy theory. By co-operating with both mindsets, the Communist International, or Comintern, was created in order to work towards global revolution. In 1922, under the control of Vladimir LeninRead MoreSino Soviet Split Essay1312 Words   |  6 PagesSino-Soviet Split Thesis: The reasons for the Sino Soviet split can be placed upon the political, economic and social difference between the nations; especially the ideological differences. Political Long Term * Stalin feared Mao as a rival for the leadership of the communist world * Didn’t want the Cold War to spread to  Asia * Stalin underestimated the CCP * Believed the GMD would be stronger, * Wanted the communists to unite * Even when the victoryRead MoreMikhail Gorbachev And The Soviet Union882 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the 1900 s, the Soviet Union proved to be one of the most powerful and ruthless empires in history. They had vast amount of land under their control, millions of people that came from different ethnicities, and was one of the worlds strongest military power. However, through the struggle for military power, economic factors, ethnic fragmentation it watched its mighty empire crumble, and many blamed its president, Mikhail Gorbachev and his incompetent decisions for it. Mikhail Gorbachev,Read MoreOne of the most crucial events in the twentieth century was the fall of the Soviet Union also known1100 Words   |  5 Pagescentury was the fall of the Soviet Union also known as the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics). The creation of the USSR was mainly the upshot from the leadership of Vladimir Lenin Ilyich in 1917. He was born in Simbirsk later known as Ulyanovsk in 1870. The USSR, during its prime, was one of the strongest most influential superpowers. Post World War II the United States and the USSR were the only superpowers left on the planet. The collapse of the Soviet empire came around 1989 to 1991Read MoreThe Cold War Summarized Essay1619 Words   |  7 Pagesworlds two superpowers following the Second World War is known as the Cold War. This period was full of tension and fear that the United States and the USSR would destroy each other and the world with their arsenals of atomic weapons. The seeds of this rivalry were planted nea rly a quarter of a century before its actual commencement with the Revolution of 1918 in Russia. The Cold War Rivalry would manifest itself in everything from sports in Olympic competition to science and the Space Race. The ColdRead MoreMao Zedong and Nikita Khrushchev1540 Words   |  6 Pagesworsening of ideological relations between Mao Zedong and Nikita Khrushchev lead to the Sini-Soviet split in the 1960s? 1. History: The worsening of political and ideological relationship between Mao Zedong and Nikita Khrushchev led to the Sino-Soviet Split. In 1960, China and Soviet Union were believed to be the two largest states with the communist approach internationally (Ross 3). The origin of Sino- Soviet split can be found from the era of 1940’s, when China fought the Sino-Japanese war (1937-45)Read MoreWeakness Of The American Foreign Policy Essay1733 Words   |  7 Pagescause to the USSR’s invasion of Afghanistan in 1979? ` The dà ©tente, a time were US and USSR were aiming to improve relations, did not prevent all diverse threats towards the USSR lead to a reaction such as their aggressive invasion of Afghanistan. In 1979, the Soviet Union made a fateful decision of invading Afghanistan. To put at risk this easing of strained relations which began in 1971 with the Soviet invasion, USSR must have had a valid enough reason. For the purpose of this essay, aggressive expansionism

Oscar Wilde’s Dorian Gray Free Essays

Oscar Wilde’s Picture of Dorian Gray received immediate criticism when it was published in 1890, being described as contaminated, unclean, and nauseous. The criticism stemmed from the challenges that were made by Oscar Wilde regarding Victorian morality. The novel was written in the aesthetic era, an era where authors attempted to reverse the role of art, to have no purpose besides being beautiful. We will write a custom essay sample on Oscar Wilde’s Dorian Gray or any similar topic only for you Order Now Critics of the novel did not like this idea, fearing that it would corrupt readers, specifically their moral values. English philosopher Alfred Whitehead gave this view on morality, â€Å"What is morality in any given time or place? It is what the majority then and there happen to like and immorality is what they dislike. † Oscar Wilde added a preface to the novel a year later, in which he said, â€Å"There is no such thing as a moral or an immoral book, books are well written or badly written. That is all. † Adding onto Whitehead’s view, other morals exist outside of the majority, and people will develop their own morals based on how they interpret a situation. When Wilde reacts by saying that immoral and moral books don’t exist, I agree. The perspective that I developed in tying the 2 quotes together is that yes, a book is not written as moral or immoral, but it is viewed moral or immoral, depending on the reader’s own beliefs. I will argue that The Picture of Dorian Gray suggests that art can have immoral effects, but the artist should not bear complete responsibility. The prime purpose of art in the Victorian Era to most viewers was to give concrete moral values. The concept of Hedonism in the Picture of Dorian Gray is evident throughout, and was the root for it’s criticism. Lord Henry is responsible for placing these pleasure-seeking ideas in Dorian’s mind, as Dorian became obsessed with Lord Henry. In Wilde’s time period, as mentioned earlier, the artists were challenging accepted social norms. It is evident that Lord Henry is also challenging accepted morals when he says, â€Å"Modern morality consists in accepting the standard of one’s age. I consider that for any man of culture to accept the standard of his age is a form of the grossest immorality. † Challenging social norms is one characteristic that Wilde and Lord Henry share. Therefore, since this is a big part of the novel, I argue that Wilde wrote the novel as if he was Lord Henry. This is important because some view Lord Henry as the main reason for Dorian’s downfall. To counter this, I want to point out that Dorian is the one who let Lord Henry influence him. Further, when Lord Henry gives Dorian the mysterious yellow book, it is Dorian’s choice to base his life around this guide on how to live a pleasure-seeking life. The main argument I am making here is that Lord Henry cannot be fully blamed for Dorian’s downfall. As it related to Wilde, he does write immoral ideas for his time. For example, hedonism and homosexuality. The point is yes Wilde wrote about these topics, but he should not be held responsible and considered immoral as an artist because his time period rejected these views. A big part of the novel that needs to be looked at if Wilde wrote the book through Lord Henry’s eyes is the fact that Dorian ended up dead at the end of the book and Lord Henry didn’t face consequence. This is Wilde suggesting that Lord Henry’s sayings, books, and thrill seeking lifestyle are all irrelevant to Dorian’s morality. Relating this to real life, Wilde is suggesting that a piece of art is not based on the moral value of the artist, but rather the way a viewer lets the work influence him or her. The slow deteriorating of Dorian’s painting is a reflection of the sins he has committed. For example, when he embarrasses Sibyl and it leads to her suicide. Another example is Dorian’s killing of Basil. Finally, when Dorian attempts to change his lifestyle and not screw over another girl, the painting worsens. The painting mirrors an image of sins that Dorian cannot erase or escape guilt. Dorian stabbing the painting shows that he died from his own sin, not by any influence. The art is then returned to its original beauty. This shows that Wilde is suggesting that art should be kept separate from morals in society. Further, this is justified by art being viewed in this new movement as strictly beautiful; it bears no responsibility for a moral purpose. An artist’s responsibility to morals is again minimized. Another point I would like to bring up is that if The Picture of Dorian Gray came out in a different time period, it would not have been so heavily criticized. This is because people would have had different morals and immorals, as reflected in Whitehead’s previous quote. If you agree with this, you have to agree with the argument that an artist is not fully responsible for any moral or immoral judgment of his or her art. The final perspective I would like to point out is for those who interpreted Wilde as writing the story through the eyes of Basil. At some points, I can agree with this, and it strengthens the argument that Wilde feared criticism by a good majority of people at his time. This is evident when Basil is afraid to show off his painting, in fear of what others will interpret it as. This is similar to Wilde’s work of Dorian Gray, in that Wilde wrote a story that challenged some moral beliefs, and was hesitant as to what people might think. When Basil finally does reveal his painting it is viewed as beautiful, but slowly deteriorates. I argue that this is how Wilde felt about his work, that it was the perfect novel, but it to was brought down by heavy criticism of another person. The point here is that Wilde did not intend everything in the story to be a moral message, he used his characters actions as puzzles pieces for each reader to put together their own beliefs. Therefore, his critics should not hold him morally responsible. The belief of hedonism is demonstrated throughout the book, as mentioned earlier; in the way that Dorian lives his life. This is an example of Wilde reflecting his new movement’s ideas, to live for beauty. In the article The Conflict Between Aestheticism and Morality in Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray, author Patrick Duggan makes the observation that hedonism is what Wilde was attempting to introduce through Dorian, but at the end of the novel Wilde puts restraint on this lifestyle. When Dorian cannot reverse his sins, Wilde is suggesting that people still need to consider the consequences of their actions. Further, yes Wilde displays a thrill seeking lifestyle in the Picture of Dorian Gray, but he also suggests that the artistic movement he is involved in will only survive with SOME limitation. This view complies with my argument that art can have an immoral effect on people. Which is why an artist must have SOME consideration, but the artist will not bear complete responsibility because each viewer is going to look at artwork differently. How to cite Oscar Wilde’s Dorian Gray, Essay examples

Stem cell Essay Example For Students

Stem cell Essay Few recent scientific issues have stimulated so much media attention, public debate and government involvement as that of Stem cell Essay research. Stem cells offer people hope by promising to greatly extend the number and range of patients who could benefit from transplants, and to provide novel therapies to treat debilitating diseases such as diabetes, Parkinsons, Huntingtons, heart disease and stroke, as well as accidental damage such as spinal cord injury. So why would anyone object to research in this area? The problem is simply that a particular type of stem cell, which potentially could provide many cell types for a wide range of therapeutic uses, is obtained from the very early embryo. To make matters even more contentious, the same cloning technology that gave Dolly the sheep could in theory be used to tailor stem cells to the patient. Some people worry that we are taking research too far down paths that make them feel uncomfortable, others think it is downright immoral and against their deep-held, often religious, beliefs. We will write a custom essay on Stem cell specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now But what are the scientific issues and why do many of us feel equally passionate that the research should be allowed? What are meant by stem cells and how might they be used? There are many types of stem cell, but they share several interesting properties that set them aside from other cell types. The adult body contains hundreds of specialised or differentiated cell types, each playing a particular role. Some of these are long lived and do not divide, such as nerve cells; others are short lived and need to be replaced through cell division. Usually, when cells divide, their daughter cells are identical and of the same type as the parent cell. In other words they divide symmetrically. Additionally, their fate and their properties are fixed once a liver cell, always a liver cell. In contrast, stem cells undergo asymmetric divisions, producing both another stem cell, in a process called self-renewal, and a cell that will become differentiated. The differentiated cell may still be able to divide, but it cannot normally go back to form the original type of cell. In some circumstances stem cells can increase their numbers, giving rise only to more stem cells. However, stem cells in the adult are usually in tune with the tissue to which they belong. They divide at the appropriate rate to self renew and to give rise to just sufficient differentiated cells to replenish those that have been lost. However, with accidental trauma or disease the normal rate of regeneration is often too slow to allow for repair. This is particularly true within the nervous system, but also in other tissues where turnover is low, such as the pancreas. How can we harness stem cells to cure diseases? We have become very used to the idea of organ transplants in medicine, to treat a wide range of problems from cataracts to kidney or heart disease. However, we are also all aware of the frequency with which they fail, often through immune rejection, and there is also a serious shortage of organ donors. Both problems could be solved if tissue could be taken from one part of the body to repair another part of the same individual. There are relatively few cases where this is done at present, e.g. using valves from leg veins to repair heart valves. Rather than using whole donor organs or tissues, an alternative would be to use the stem cells able to form those tissues. In fact this is already done with bone marrow transplants, where the stem cells in the graft can regenerate all the different types of cell in the blood. Other types of stem cell could be used in a similar way. For example, the correct stem cell type might allow specific cell types to be replaced in the nervous system, where it is impossible to transplant whole structures. The idea is to identify and remove the stem cells from a particular tissue, multiply them outside of the body and then use them to replace damaged tissue. .uff2848da78ff94d10ae98a9dc00b73a6 , .uff2848da78ff94d10ae98a9dc00b73a6 .postImageUrl , .uff2848da78ff94d10ae98a9dc00b73a6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uff2848da78ff94d10ae98a9dc00b73a6 , .uff2848da78ff94d10ae98a9dc00b73a6:hover , .uff2848da78ff94d10ae98a9dc00b73a6:visited , .uff2848da78ff94d10ae98a9dc00b73a6:active { border:0!important; } .uff2848da78ff94d10ae98a9dc00b73a6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uff2848da78ff94d10ae98a9dc00b73a6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uff2848da78ff94d10ae98a9dc00b73a6:active , .uff2848da78ff94d10ae98a9dc00b73a6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uff2848da78ff94d10ae98a9dc00b73a6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uff2848da78ff94d10ae98a9dc00b73a6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uff2848da78ff94d10ae98a9dc00b73a6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uff2848da78ff94d10ae98a9dc00b73a6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uff2848da78ff94d10ae98a9dc00b73a6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uff2848da78ff94d10ae98a9dc00b73a6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uff2848da78ff94d10ae98a9dc00b73a6 .uff2848da78ff94d10ae98a9dc00b73a6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uff2848da78ff94d10ae98a9dc00b73a6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Same Sex Marriages Essay This is already done to some extent to repair skin in burn victims, where a small piece of skin can be grown to cover a burn many times the area . Stem Cell Essay Example For Students Stem Cell Essay Oh the Healing Possibilities What if Superman was able to walk again? Christopher Reeves was the actor we all knew as Superman. A few years ago he had a horse-back riding accident which left him paralyzed from the neck down. His spinal cord was severed and there was nothing doctors could do to help him but, there might be hope for him after all. There is a great new field of research in which scientists are trying to find ways to solve these types of problems along with many others. Research in the use of Stem Cell Essays holds limitless possibilities in the medical field. We will write a custom essay on Stem Cell specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Stem cells are the cells in our bodies that are in their primitive form. These cells have not yet become the type of cell they are destined to be, whether it be nervous tissue or another. However, even though stem cell research is a great new field, its progress is being limited by moral concerns and ethical questions. In order to let medicine reach its full potential, stem cell research should be legalized in throughout the 50 states. Knowledge of these cells would save countless lives and should not go un-tapped. Knowledge about stem cells is quite limited as of the present day. There has not been that many experiments done considering the amount that could be carried out if only it was legal. Research with stem cells is very hard to complete since it is outlawed in 48 of the 50 United States. Only California and New Jersey allow such research to be carried out within their borders. In order for any advancement to be made, people would have to except this kind of research as a much needed action and which has to be done. Also, as of right now, only 60 lines of stem cells are available for research globally. Most of these 60 lines are also held by foreign nations which make it extremely difficult for any laboratory in the United States to acquire any sample to experiment with. Some people share such views as the President of the United States, George Bush, that the amount of stem cells available will be sufficient for research. This idea, however, is not held by many scientists and biochemists alike. A reaction taken from an article from Dr. Sanjay Gupta expresses the feelings of one biochemist of the University of Pennsylvania. I think were going to really have a problem here in fulfilling what George Bush promised, and that is that what is out there is enough. said Arthur Caplan. It seems to be very clear that the availability of these stem cells is the reason knowledge is limited on the subject. This amount of cells would be able to increase greatly if only all 50 states legalized the research. Without this research, the United States will surely be passed up by other countries in the medical field. Despite the fact the U.S. wants to be ahead of other nations, many American citizens could be cured of their ailments and their lives would be able to be saved. The possibilities with the use of stem cells seem to be almost endless. So many good things could come out of using these ideas in modern medicine such as a cure for eltzhymers and diabetes. The fundamental idea behind stem cells is that one would be able to use these cells to create any type of cell that is needed. A doctor would be able to use this technique to cure some ailments that were previously considered incurable. Diseases and injuries such as paralysis could be cured by simply re-growing certain types of cells. This also means that any tissue would be able to me duplicated using ones own DNA. .u10ee853d9c3dc36ecbb91c08b347d982 , .u10ee853d9c3dc36ecbb91c08b347d982 .postImageUrl , .u10ee853d9c3dc36ecbb91c08b347d982 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u10ee853d9c3dc36ecbb91c08b347d982 , .u10ee853d9c3dc36ecbb91c08b347d982:hover , .u10ee853d9c3dc36ecbb91c08b347d982:visited , .u10ee853d9c3dc36ecbb91c08b347d982:active { border:0!important; } .u10ee853d9c3dc36ecbb91c08b347d982 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u10ee853d9c3dc36ecbb91c08b347d982 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u10ee853d9c3dc36ecbb91c08b347d982:active , .u10ee853d9c3dc36ecbb91c08b347d982:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u10ee853d9c3dc36ecbb91c08b347d982 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u10ee853d9c3dc36ecbb91c08b347d982 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u10ee853d9c3dc36ecbb91c08b347d982 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u10ee853d9c3dc36ecbb91c08b347d982 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u10ee853d9c3dc36ecbb91c08b347d982:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u10ee853d9c3dc36ecbb91c08b347d982 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u10ee853d9c3dc36ecbb91c08b347d982 .u10ee853d9c3dc36ecbb91c08b347d982-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u10ee853d9c3dc36ecbb91c08b347d982:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Flag Desecration Essay This great advantage could mean the end to having transplanted organs rejected by the body which would increase survival chances of patients. If someone experienced problems such as heart or liver failure, doctors would simply be able to form a new organ using stem cells from the patients body. A great testament to this idea comes from Dr. John McDonald who is the current nerve doctor for Christopher Reeve. Dr. Mcdonald is the director of the Spinal Cord Injury Unit . Stem cell Essay Example For Students Stem cell Essay Stem cell Essay Research One of the most popular clinical studies being researched these days is stem cell transplantation. Until recently, moral issues of states and countries havent allowed research to expound deeply into the unknowns. Within the last ten years though, scientists have made leaps and bounds in finding out concrete facts that this stem cell research has supplied. Tommy G. Thompson, Secretary of Health Services states, ;I believe it will open up a world of opportunity for scientists, not only at the NIH, but elsewhere, because it demonstrates a cooperative atmosphere among academia, the private sector, and government that will allow us to move ahead; (;sign stem;1). We will write a custom essay on Stem cell specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now New ways of conducting stem cell research have made the healing and repairing treatment for many diverse applications. To prove their point, scientists have broken down the basic facts of their studies throughout the last ten years. Embryonic stem cell transplantation is a related course of cells that are in charge of certain functions and systems of the body. The cells used in the transplantation process are contrived from ;cryopreserved suspensions; from the fetal liver, thymus, bone marrow, spleen, brain, and the pancreas. Introducing these cells to the body can be approached in different ways. The first step taken is engrafting or multiplying cells in the affected area. These cells will then supplement missing or declining cells and replace/repair missing functions of the body. Production then commences with considerable amounts of biologically active substances such as nerve growth factor, tumor necrosis factor and interleukins etc. When these cells have been transplanted, they are capable of migrating, establishing intercellular links and responding to various effects. However, because of their immature transplantation to the human body, these cells cause a weaker immune response than mature cells. Alexander Smikodub, a doctor of Medical Science at the National Medical University states, ;cells that we use are not considered by the immune system of the recipient as foreign, therefore, they can survive, multiply, and develop full function in the body of a new host; Smikodub). These cells can then survive and multiply, capable of lasting for months and years in the body of the recipient. In the areas where tissue or organs have been damaged or lost, they substitute the lack of functional activities. These cells can also produce new generations of cells that are needed by the patient. When strategically placed, they can support, restore and replace the functions of their specialization in the body. These methods have never received such success with amazing reparative and rejuvenating actions and effects. Scientists working with this field for the last decade have explained the steps observed from their view in detail. After the transplantation occurs, there appear positive changes in emotional and psychological sphere of the patient. In this period, the disappearance of depression, improvement in mental creativity and an inner feeling of strength are a few of the results immediately noticeable. In all of these changes occurring, there is a substantial reinforcement of the will and spirit of the person. With some diseases, these changes are very drastic and very important due to the grim and psychological background of the case. Mental capacity also increases quite soon, creating better concentration and ability to maintain attention, thinking, speech and memory. Some of the neurotic manifestations of the patient tend to disappear beginning with irritability, easy fatigue and apathy. At this time sleep improves and insomnia disappears with sleep becoming refreshing and recuperative. While their sleep is improving, patients also find that their physical activity likewise increases. Desiring to move, they persistently increase their physical load of bodily functions and workout. In this process, overweight people tend to become more in shape and skinny people increase weight. Overall, their appearance gains freshness and rejuvenation of presence. Some of the biggest changes taking place at this time are movements that the patient could previously not accomplish at any level. The coordination of movement being restored, the nerve system is directly affected for the better. .u77a9f67a17d90eece71b38229d0ba126 , .u77a9f67a17d90eece71b38229d0ba126 .postImageUrl , .u77a9f67a17d90eece71b38229d0ba126 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u77a9f67a17d90eece71b38229d0ba126 , .u77a9f67a17d90eece71b38229d0ba126:hover , .u77a9f67a17d90eece71b38229d0ba126:visited , .u77a9f67a17d90eece71b38229d0ba126:active { border:0!important; } .u77a9f67a17d90eece71b38229d0ba126 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u77a9f67a17d90eece71b38229d0ba126 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u77a9f67a17d90eece71b38229d0ba126:active , .u77a9f67a17d90eece71b38229d0ba126:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u77a9f67a17d90eece71b38229d0ba126 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u77a9f67a17d90eece71b38229d0ba126 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u77a9f67a17d90eece71b38229d0ba126 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u77a9f67a17d90eece71b38229d0ba126 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u77a9f67a17d90eece71b38229d0ba126:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u77a9f67a17d90eece71b38229d0ba126 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u77a9f67a17d90eece71b38229d0ba126 .u77a9f67a17d90eece71b38229d0ba126-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u77a9f67a17d90eece71b38229d0ba126:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hacking For Money Essay These changes that are occurring can happen quickly of over an extended period of time depending on the patients situation. On the interior of the patient, recovery commences at a steady pace beginning with weakened or damaged .

Dogs Chomp On More Than Four Million People A Year. Essays

Dogs Chomp On More Than Four Million People A Year. Dogs chomp on more than four million people a year. Dont be one of them. Dog bites on the rise Megan Boger of La Belle, Pa., returned from shopping with her mother and ran into the yard to greet the family pet, a part-cocker mutt named Blaze. Seconds later, her mom, Elena Boger, heard a snap and then shrieks from three-year-old Megan. There was blood all over her face from tooth punctures under an eye and around her mouth, she recalls. Elena and her husband rushed their sobbing child to a local hospital. But the injuries were severe enough that the Bogers were sent to Childrens Hospital of Pittsburgh, where a plastic surgeon stitched the gashes. Little Megan is far from alone in having been the victim of a dog bite. According to a 1994 survey (the most recent) by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, some 4.7 million people were bitten by dogs. About 800,000 required medical treatment. Many bites are to children, and most are from family pets or familiar dogs, not strays. Many bites are treated at home or in a doctors office, and as a consequence are often not reported to authorities. Meanwhile, there is no ongoing national system for counting dog bites, says the CDCs Dr. Jeffrey Sacks. In some locales bites are reported to the police, in others to the animal-control folks or the health department. Some counties dont collect data at all. Whatever the exact numbers, medical, veterinary and insurance experts agree: dog bites are on the rise. One reason may be that more people are getting larger, more powerful dogs than in the past. The CDC considers dog bites a serious public-health problem for children. A Pennsylvania study found that 45 percent of children had been bitten. And not only children are at risk. Dog bites are no joke for letter carriers and delivery people. Dog attacks account for a whopping one-third of all liability claims under renter or homeowners insurance policies. The Insurance Information Institute says that dog-bite-related medical treatment costs $1 billion a year. Homeowner-liability claims paid about $250 million of that in 1996. One provider of liability coverage, MetLife Auto & Home, refuses coverage to many homeowners who have dogs with a history of biting or to those who own a breed they believe most prone to bite, including German shepherds, pit bulls, Doberman pinschers, Rottweilers, chows, huskies and Alaskan malamutes. Although any breed can bite, these breeds tend to be responsible for the most bites, the worst bites, and many of the dozen or so dog-bite fatalities every year. How can you protect yourself and your children, and prevent your pet from becoming part of the problem? Some common sense will help: Family Friendly. Bad matches between a dogs temperament and a familys personality are sure to cause trouble. People can fall in love with a cute puppy, then find out six months later that they got more dog than they bargained for or one whose personality is different from what they imagined. Have you ever seen an Akita puppy? asks Diane Allevato, executive director of the Marin County, California, Humane Society. Theyre gorgeous! But chances are that puppy will grow up to be an aloof, one-person or one-family dog. Its the way the dog is supposed to be. So if you wanted a dog the whole soccer team could love, dont choose a loyal-to-one-person dog; he could become a biter. The solution? Find out about the breeds youre interested in before you even glance at a puppy. And consider getting a mixed breed. We promote adopting mixed breeds because you often get the best of both parents, says Allevato. Sit...Stay. In the excitement of picking out a new pet, many people underestimate how much time it takes to train it. Yet experts say any dog requires a continuing commitment to training if theyre going to be under control around people. Thats especially true for more aggressive and bigger dogs. Take Rottweilers, says Pat Hubbard, director of operations at the Humane Society of Southern Arizona. They can make very sweet, loyal family dogs. But you have to be

Second Chances to Make a Sure Thing Essays

Second Chances to Make a Sure Thing Essays Second Chances to Make a Sure Thing Essay Second Chances to Make a Sure Thing Essay Essay Topic: Sure Thing The symbolism of the bell signifying a fresh start, a true chance to have a clean slate and create your own destiny, was brilliant in my eyes. One of my favorite lines in the play was definitely when Bill said, You have to hit these things at the right moment or its no good (1121). Sure Thing by David Ives The Play Sure Thing from David Ives examines the endless variations of boy meet girl and the ensuing pick up lines. The central theme throughout the play displays a few varieties of a possible conversation that end with a ringing bell that symbolizes a fresh start and a second chance to make a good impression. The swift conversations begin in a coffee house with the two main and only characters are Bill and Betty. From the beginning till the end of the play one can see a series of pick up lines, from a man to a woman sitting in a coffee shop reading. The lines start out short and rapid with an equivalent short response from the woman. Similar to a boxing match, two people on a date consistently bounce around calculated prose between each other, trying to figure out the opponents â€Å"weaknesses. This notion manifests itself in literature in such works as David Ives play Sure Thing, a piece employing rapid-fire lines between a guy and a girl getting to know each other. However, this theme is not always prevalent in positive dialogue, as in Tennessee Williams A Street Car Named Desire, Blanche and Stanley do not go on a date or enjoy any romantic dialogue, but fight each other for supremacy of the house and Stellas affection. Although a boxing rhythm is being imposed on Sure Thing, the per sistent fighting between Stanley and Blanche in A Street Car Named Desire can be interpreted to have a similar rhythm. Although these two texts are seemingly opposite in mood and plot, the â€Å" boxing rhythm† bridges this chasm through the rhythm of the dialogue between these characters. In Ives’ Sure Thing, a guy, Bill, and a girl, Betty, â€Å"duke it out† in an attempt to get to know each other and, ultimately, fall for each other. In order to do this, they deliver quick one-liners between each other, similar to the spasmodic jabs of a boxing match. Of course, there is no observable or salient evidence of boxing within the text, but the rhythm of the dialogue can be inferred to mimic the motions of a boxing match. The dialogue is quick, decisive and succinct, similar to the jabs and steps a boxer uses in a fight. There are several questions repeated as well, as the guy or girl has, in effect, stopped the rhythm and said the wrong thing. For instance, in one vignette Betty asks Bill about his love life and the dialogue is punctuated by the sound of a â€Å"bell† which further reinforces the boxing theme: Bill: That’s a very nice offer, but†¦ Betty: Uh-huh. Girlfriend? Bill: Two, actually. One of them’s pregnant, and Stephanie- (Bell). Betty: Girlfriend? Bill: No, I don’t have a girlfriend. Not if you mean the castrating bitch I dumped last night. (Bell). (Ives 13) In this excerpt, the dialogue is quick and succinct, like the punches thrown in a boxing match. This couple takes â€Å"jabs† at each other through discourse instead of physical punching. Every time a round is over, the bell rings, illustrating a dead-end for the dialogue between the Bill and Betty. Theses â€Å"rounds† are prevalent in A Street Car Named Desire between Stanley and Blanche, despite not being a couple or mutually interested in each other. With the apartment serving as the backdrop for this â€Å"fight†, Stanley and Blanche box it out while the rest of the characters are sometimes relegated to spectators throughout the story. Similar to Sure Thing, there is no tangible â€Å"boxing ring† or anything having to do with boxing. Instead, Williams injects this rhythm within the dialogue between these characters, creating a stylistic counterpoint of aggression, violence and adultery. In fact, Stanley and Blanche drive the Streetcar Named Desire through the play, dishing out vitriol, lust and suspicion at each other. Blanche is a glamorized though disillusioned woman. She creates fabrications and chimeras of a grandiose life around her to supplant her actual circumstances. Stanley is the epitome of machismo, interested in only the basic pleasures, which are parallel to what a simple animal enjoys. Stella, Stanley’s wife, is the mediator between Blanche and Stanley, though she ultimately fails in preventing these two from verbal or, later, physical violence. Essentially, Blanche instigates the â€Å"fight† by entering the apartment and trying to usurp Stanley’s reign, which is partly comprised of Stella’s love and attention. Without even seeing Stanley, Stella immediately sizes him up and subscribes to the idea that the Polish areâ€Å" not so-high-brow† (23). There is a dialogue between Stanley and Stella about Stanley, stating: Stella: Stanley is Polish, you know. Blanche: Oh, yes. They’re something like Irish, aren’t they? †¦Only not so-highbrow? †¦Is he so-different? Stella: Yes. A different species†¦He’s on the road a good deal. Blanche: Oh. Travels? Stella: Yes. Blanche: Good. I mean-isn’t it? (Williams 23-25) Blanche already throws a â€Å"low punch† at Stanley’s credibility without him even knowing. She is even more motivated by the fact that he travels sometimes, which could give her many opportunities to sulk to Stella about her problems and slowly disintegrate Stanley’s control of the apartment. Throughout the play, she continues to harp on Stanleys qualities, for instance, pointing out that she has not â€Å"noticed the stamp of genius even on Stanleys forehead† (Williams 50). However, Blanche has suffered a loss of wealth and of dignity, all the more reason why she would look for comfort in her â€Å"precious little sister†, who is given the task of maintaining peace between the two. Before Stanley is due to meet Blanche, Stella becomes a â€Å"referee†, asking her husband to â€Å"Try to understand her and be nice to her†¦and admire her dress and tell her she’s looking wonderful. That’s important to Blanche, its her little weakness† (Williams 33). Like any good referee in a boxing match, Stella can anticipate harmful friction between Stanley and Blanche, so she has prepared several â€Å"rules† for Stanley to follow. She has already told Blanche to view Stanley as he is and to not contrast him to other men. Since the rules have been told to each fighter, what remains to be seen in the play are the actual punches thrown between these two passionate characters. In the first match between these two, Stanley confronts Blanche about the documents of her lost estate, Belle Reve. However, Stanley starts by noticing the expensive furs that are in Blanche’s suitcase: Stanley: It looks like you raided some stylish shops in Paris†¦What does it cost for a string of fur-pieces like that? Blanche: Why, those were a tribute from an admirer of mine! †¦Oh, in my youth I excited some admiration. But look at me now!.. I was fishing for a compliment Stanley. Stanley: I don’t go for that stuff†¦Some men are took in by this Hollywood glamour stuff and some men are not. Blanche: You’re simple, straightforward and honest, a little bit on the primitive side I should think. (Williams 38-40) Stanley begins to interrogate Blanche about her assets but Blanche counters with shifting the focus onto his primitive side. She delves into his personal life, scrutinizing every piece for something to hold against him. Blanche wins this round because she avoids talking about Belle Reve, circumventing the issue by changing the focus several times from Stanley to her lost love. In focusing through the imposed â€Å"boxing† lens used in Sure Thing, an innovative perspective can be formed. The boxing rhythm is evident through the dialogue, as Blanche and Stanley swing one-liners back and forth at each other, which are tantamount to the small jabs thrown at the start of a fight. In this case, the â€Å"bell† that breaks up the fight is a combination of the sultry blues piano outside and Stanley leaking out the news that Stella is having a baby. The second round, though brief, illustrates who dominates the apartment and Stellas love. While Stanley is playing cards with his friends, Blanche decides to turn on a radio. Stanley angrily turns it off, but Blanche has the audacity to turn it back on. Similar to an boxing match already a few rounds in, both fighters go back and forth at each other until one of them is able to break the repetitive chain of â€Å"punches† and take a different approach. Stanley chucks the radio out the window, and charges after Stella. Blanche is defenseless as she is shocked at this display of â€Å"lunacy†. Stanley defeats Blanche in this round because he dictates the rhythm of the house through controlling the radio. In the same instance, he takes control of the match between himself and Stella, reminding Blanche who rules the apartment. Any pleasure that Blanche could have enjoyed in the apartment is thrown out the window along with the â€Å"radio†, the only other piece of evidence of an outside world in the apartment. Blanche has a penchant for music, so when Stanley discards the radio and slightly damages it, he is also inadvertently â€Å"knocking out† Blanches hope for an invigorating, or at the very least peaceful, stay at the apartment. Blanche bemoans her sisters submissiveness to Stanley and tries to entice her sister to leave Stanley, stating: Blanche: Weve got to get hold of some money, thats the way out. Blanche: Stella, I cant live with him! You can, hes your husband. But how could I stay here with him, after last night, with just those curtains between us? Stella: Blanche, you saw him at his worst last night. Blanche: On the contrary, I saw him at his best! What such a man has to offer is animal force and he gave a wonderful exhibition of that! But the only way to live with such a man is to- go to bed with him! And thats your job not mine! I have to plan for us both, to get us bothout! Stella: You take it for granted that I am in something that I want to get out of. Williams 68-69) Blanche assumes that how she feels about Stanley is tantamount to how Stella feels. Although Blanches arguably has good intentions since she loves her sister Stella, Blanche has only lived in the apartment for a day and does not take into consideration that Stella enjoys her life with Stanley. Blanche cannot believe that the â€Å"referee† is allowing this display to go on, of which Blanche did no t expect to encounter when she entered â€Å"the ring†. As a boxer, Blanche feels that she is â€Å"against the ropes† in the boxing ring, which is Stanleys apartment. She has nowhere to run and is trapped within the confines of an apartment, which entertains drunken rages and violent fighting, all of which are orchestrated by Stanley. The final round between these two passionate â€Å"boxers† comes when Stanley and Blanche are left alone in the apartment, as the opportunity to privately â€Å"duke it out† rises when Stella is about to have the baby. Since these â€Å"boxers† are beginning to understand what instigates the other, Stanley goes right for Blanches weakness, which are the web of lies and illusion she spins around herself and the apartment: Stanley: As a matter of fact there wasnt no wire at all! Blanche: Oh, oh! Stanley: There isnt no millionaire! And Mitch didnt come back with roses cause I know where he is- Blanche: Oh! Stanley: There isnt a goddamn thing but imagination! Blanche: Oh! Stanley: And lies and conceit and tricks! (Williams 127) Stanley gives blow after blow to Blanche, while her only defense is an â€Å"oh†. Stanley has reached up and dragged Blanche down from the skies of disillusionment and shaken her back down on the very grounds of reality from which she recoils. As illustrated, Blanche consistently dreams out alternative lives she feels she could have had or may still have the potential to live out. This emotion is similar to the rapid-fire dialogue in Sure Thing, which Williams employs to hasten the emotions between the two principal â€Å"boxers†. The blue piano sneaks into the dialogue to provide an ironic romantic quality to this dispute, as throughout the play it romanticizes certain scenes but arguably serves as a device for escalating passion. With the â€Å"blue piano† playing softly in the background, Stanley decides that Blanche would not â€Å"be bad tointerfere with † (Williams 129) and Stella is raped by reality, as Stanley takes control of her and the illusions in the house, dispelling the lies through this vulgar act. Blanches dreams and faculties are â€Å"knocked out† by Stanleys animalistic desires and fervor for reality. Between these two texts, a â€Å"boxing rhythm† can be construed and used as a lens to dissect the two principle relationships from each piece. In Sure Thing, this rhythm is tossed with finesse between two people who ultimately go on a date. However, in A Street Car Named Desire, diametrically opposed events occur, as Stanley and Blanche’s rhythm escalates the aggression between the two of them. The jabs become more calculated and result in a rape, which leaves Stanley seemingly the winner of the match. Nonetheless, while Blanche does go away to a mental institution, Stanley is left with a beleaguered wife, suspicious neighbors, poor living conditions, a baby, and no one to come and save him. The Purpose of the Bells in Sure Thing by David Uploaded by sls465 on Apr 18, 2007 The Purpose of the Bells in Sure Thing by David Ives David Ives’ Sure Thing is a play in which comedy and fantasy is combined to entertain the reader in a way never done before. A typical, everyday conversation between two strangers is taken to new possibilities through a neat device that Ives has concocted. It is through this stroke of genius that gives the reader a sense of fantasy and comedy all at once. By use of a bell, Ives reroutes his characters conversations so that they can be played over and necessary changes may be made. It is this thought of a bell, which takes the characters â€Å"back in time†, that makes this play what it is. Imagine being able to go back in time whilst in the middle of a conversation in order to make a correction in something that was said. Now think of the power that one could obtain by simply changing their response to a statement posed. The outcome would be that of enjoyment from both sides. There would be no arguments and nobody’s feelings would get hurt. Now lets get back to real life. Ives takes this otherwise common place, and makes it funny and satirical by throwing bells into the mix. These bells, during the occurrence of the characters conversation, represent a wrong answer, if you will. They refer to a statement that was made that might have turned the other person â€Å"off†, and, after a bell sounds (Bell. ), the characters are back into their conversation as if nothing has happened. So what is being said about the characters by the constant ringing of the bell? If the characters in the play represent your everyday boy and girl, then this play might be warning people to not go out and try to find love any time soon. The constant ringing of the bells is funny in a satirical way. It is pretty much stating, in a sense, that people are too picky. If this play was set in real life, then the two people in that cafe would have never got past the first five minutes of their conversation. It is pointing out the fact that in this day and age there are so many variables that can be the deciding

Nursing Agency in Nova Scotia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Nursing Agency in Nova Scotia - Essay Example These are just some of the professional problems faced by nurses. Add to them some of the economic and political problems of their country, and you come up with a perfect recipe of a nursing headache faced by hundreds of nurses. These pose a huge challenge to government agencies and to the health care sector of a province. The nurses of Nova Scovia have taken up the challenge of an ever-challenging health care system. Through conjoined efforts of various sectors, the province was able to recognize problems faced by the nursing profession and to pose a strategy to combat these challenges. It is the foremost objective of the paper to present how the province of Nova Scovia has responded to the issues of nursing agency. A brief background of the province will set the mood for a more comprehensive discussion of the nursing profession in the province. The development of the nursing agency in the province will also be discussed. Current issues and trends in the health care system with focus on nursing agency will be discussed. Implications of the issues will also be tackled. Finally, future directions of the nursing agency in Nova Scovia will be discussed. Recommendations will also be presented in the last part of the paper. Nova Scotia is a Canadian province located on Canada’s southeastern coast. It is he second smallest province of Canada. The total land area of the province is 55,284 square kilometers. In 2006, the population of the province is 934,405. As such, it is the fourth least populated but second most densely populated province of Canada (Canadian Population, 2006). Between 60% to 75% of the population lives in rural areas. Nova Scotia is considerably more rural than Canada as a whole and more rural than most other provinces and territories. Only two provinces (New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island) and the three northern territories have a greater percentage of their

The Importance of Coffee in the Brazilian Economy Essay

The Importance of Coffee in the Brazilian Economy - Essay Example This paper demonstrates the importance of coffee production in the economy of Brazil. There is two figures in the essay which graphically illustrates the production of coffee over the recent years. Brazil is not only the largest producer of coffee and produces an estimated one third of world’s total coffee produce, and is also the world’s second largest consumer of coffee behind USA. Coffee is a key ingredient of the economy of the country on three main counts – a key economic activity contributing to the GDP, a major export item, and an important industry for employment. Agriculture accounts for 36% of Brazil’s exports, with coffee being the biggest exported agricultural item at $4.7 billion, by value. Coffee contributes to 0.27% of the total economy in Brazil and 2.1% of total exports. Brazil has 2.1 million hectares of land under coffee cultivation (ICO) with an estimated 350,000 producers spread through 14 states, and 160 firms exporting coffee. The production and processing of coffee is highly labor intensive industry and the coffee industry provides direct and indirect employment to nearly 8.5 million people in Brazil. This translates to almost 5% of the total population working in the coffee industry in Brazil. Historically, coffee has been an important component of the economy in Brazil. Brazil was the largest producer of coffee in the world and it accounted for 75% of Brazil’s total exports. Although this weight has reduced significantly over time, the contribution of coffee to the economy is still significant. In the 1990s, coffee was a key pillar of the economy in Brazil by supporting it in four ways – contribution to the economic activity, contribution to exports thereby increasing the foreign reserves, contribution to employment, and a key area of foreign investment. The coffee market was under government control until the 1990s, when the government decided to convert it to free market. This led to a lot of foreign investment in the sector and therefore helped the economy build its foreign reserves. The production and export trend of coffee is shown in Figure 1 below. It is evident that the coffee production overall has been increasing over the years. Also, the exports of coffee have been increasing constantly in accordance with the production. The peak production reached was in 2002 when it reached 2.65 million metric tons (MMT). However, although the coffee exports have been generally increasing, the weight of coffee in exports (by value) has been generally decreasing over the years, and over the last few years has stabilized at 2.1%. This is evident in Figure 2 where it is seen that the weight of coffee in exports has continuously reduced from a peak of 5.2% in 1997 to 1.8% in 2004 where after it has almost stabilized to 2.1%. Coffee is clearly a key part of the Brazilian economy - it forms a large part of the agricultural produce of the country and is a major export item for Brazil. It provides employment to nearly 5% of the Brazilian population and has historically been an important driver for foreign investments. Over the years, its relative weight in exports has been decreasing indicating that the dependence of the Brazilian economy on coffee is decreasing slowly; however, coffee still continues

Biodiversity and The Endangered Species Act of 1973 Essay

Biodiversity and The Endangered Species Act of 1973 - Essay Example It is vital to put the ESA in a universal environment of species biodiversity and extinction loss. A majority of biologists and ecologists take high biodiversity to be a sign of a healthy environment. Species in an ecosystem rely on one another as food and shelter sources in order to survive. Species create symbiotic relations, operate in a complex chain, do away with one species from the chain, and the repercussions are not easy to foretell. An ecosystem that counts on a few species is more susceptible to infection, famine, and other types of destruction. The more the species the more the possibility that several of them are well prepared to endure a transformation in the environment (Glen, 2006). Owing to habitat loss, contamination, hunting, invasive species, and other causes, many species are quickly becoming extinct. Some of the extinction is a part of the ordinary course of nature, the United States of America geological Survey approximates that without human interference extinction would occur 100 times less and that this rate over time goes on to speed up. Subsequent to the passing of the ESA in the USA, the global community came up with the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora that facilitates the preservation of species around the world (Minteer & Collins, 2005). The ESA should not be by any chance be rewritten to benefit commercial interests. It is however important to ensure a sense of balance in the need for economic growth and development with the need for ecological protection and conservation, as well as become accustomed to universal principles to local conditions however, this is extraordinarily tricky. By serving commercial interests such as mining, the already alarming rates of extinction will only be higher. Mining for example destroys habitats that are homes to some of this endangered species and therefore mining would only serve to fasten the process of extinction of some plant and

Gluconeogenesis: Fructose 1, 6 Bisphosphatase Deficiency

Gluconeogenesis: Fructose 1, 6 Bisphosphatase Deficiency Ashley Woodin Introduction Fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate is a key regulatory step in gluconeogenesis, as well as many other intracellular metabolic pathways. During gluconeogenesis there is an important process in which there is a conversion of glucose to pyruvate which is known as glycolysis. This process will require three irreversible steps that have a very high negative free energy that is in the forward reaction. So, in order to have a conversion from pyruvate into glucose, the pathway will require the use of enzymes, which will allow the bypassing of these irreversible steps. One of the enzymes that is used in this process is called Fructose 1, 6-bisphosphatase (Kelley, 2006). This step is a very important step in gluconeogenesis, being that it needs to have fructose bisphosphatase to catalyze the conversion of fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate into fructose 6-phospahate, and inorganic phosphate, that without it can block the pathway. Its activity is high regulated by the levels of Adenosine Monophosphate, fructos e 2, 6-bisphosphate and also citrate (Kelley, 2006). When deficiencies are present in this pathway and devoid of this conversion, glycerol into glucose, it will lead to fasting hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis and other physiological conditions. This enzyme is highly active within the liver and the intestines. Therefore, when the liver glycogen stores are no longer available, the physical properties of the body will fight for its homeostasis (Eren, 2013) by converting a three carbon based molecule such as non-carbohydrate precursors, like lactate, glycerol as well as pyruvate, in order to maintain blood glucose levels (Eren, 2013). There is a physiological change in the body there is a need for glucose to be synthesized. When there is a high demand upon glucose synthesizes, the gluconeogenic pathway is increased exponentially. This demand typically occurs during high cardio, pregnancy and lactation (Wallace, 2002). There can also be an increase demand upon gluconeogenesis when the body is in a fasting state (Wallace,2002). Hypoglycemia has a high dependence upon gluconeogenesis formation, because it is the key metabolic pathway which will protect this physiological problem. Moreover, hypoglycemia is a very life-threating situation. Within the gluconeogenesis metabolic pathway, Fructose 1, 6-bisphosphatase is very crucial; as it aids in biochemical reactions and many of the physiological functions of the body. Structure and Properties Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate with six carbon sugar molecules is also known as the Harden-young ester, it has fructose sugars which are phosphorylated on the C1 and C6 (Diwan, 2006). However, before this step can be achieved it needs to start from the beginning in gluconeogenesis. It is important to note that glycolysis and gluconeogenesis are not reversed pathways. It’s clear to see that glycolysis and gluconeogenesis will have a lot of the same enzymes embedded within each other; however these two functional pathways are not the reverse of each other. Moreover, the irreversible steps, that are high exergonic, in glycolysis are bypassed in the gluconeogenesis pathway (Berg JM, 2002). In fact, each of the pathways is so tightly controlled by the intercellular as well as the intracellular signals, and they are highly regulated so that glycolysis and gluconeogenesis will not occur in the same cell at the same time (Berg JM, 2002). Looking at the glyconeogenic pathway the ability to see that there is a conversion of pyruvate into glucose (Berg JM, 2002). These conversions are achieved by Non-carbohydrate precursors of glucose, in which they are either first being converted into pyruvate, or they will enter the pathway at later pathway intermediates like oxaloacetate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate . There are currently three major non-carbohydrate precursors that are looked at, and they are lactate, amino acids, and glycerol. The first (1) precursor stated above is lactate, it has a formation that is by the active skeletal muscle, this occurs at a when the rate of glycolysis has reach its maximum of the oxidative metabolism (Berg JM, 2002). The amino acids with a carbon skeleton (Brandt, 2003) are derived from the amount of proteins that are in the diet, as well as starvation, from the breaking down of the proteins that are housed within the skeletal muscle (Berg JM, 2002). Lastly, the glycerol will obtain fat cells by the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols which wi ll yield glycerol as well as the lipids (Berg JM, 2002). As stated above, before looking at fructose-1,6-bisphosphate the beginning steps in gluconeogenesis needs to be looked at. Biosynthesis. We began synthesis by looking at the glycolysis pathway, there are a lot of enzymes that are used to synthesize glucose from a pyruvate stage. There are three reactions in glycolysis which we termed irreversible (specifically those catalyzed by pyruvate kinase, phosphofructokinase, and hexokinase) are not used in gluconeogenesis synthesis (Selinsky, 2002). These three (3) reactions of Glycolysis have such a large negative delta G in the forward direction that they are essentially irreversible, which is why bypass is used by enzymes in order for them to be synthesize. The delta G will make a determination of the proper direction of the carbon flow through the pathway (Brandt, 2003). Gluconeogenesis needs to be more exergonic, so in order to make that happened six ATPs are consumed (Miles, 2003).The first step or bypass, is by converting 3 carbon pyruvate into 4 carbon intermediate oxaloacetate , biotin-requiring reaction catalyzed (King, 2014), this is called pyruvate carboxylate (Sel insky, 2002). This mitochondrial enzyme will convert the pyruvate into oxaloacetate. Pyruvate carboxylase is a mitochondrial. The biotin is interconnected heavily as it is bound to the amino group covalently on the lysine side chain of the pyruvate carboxylase (Brandt, 2003).   Pyruvate carboxylase catalyzes formation between the biotin (Biotin has a 5-carbon side chain whose terminal carboxyl is in an amide linkage to the e-amino group of a lysine of the enzyme (Diwan, 2007)), and carbon dioxide carbonate by having a covalent bond. When there is a reaction that is ATP- dependent, the carbonate will then be put into action and transferred to the pyruvate substrate, in order to make a molecule oxaloacetate (Brandt, 2003). the high and low amount of concentration of acetyl CoA and ATP will ultimately decide is the oxaloacetic acid will survive or diminish (Ophardt, 2003). If there is a lower amount of acetyl- CoA and higher concentrations of ATP than the pathway will continue (Ophardt, 2003). A Transport of oxaloacetate out of mitochondria Oxaloacetate Malate NADH + H + NAD + Malate Oxaloacetate NADH + H + NAD + Inner mito are seen in this first bypass step. The Using a specific enzyme the Oxaloacetate will now be able to be converted into phosphoenolpyruvate , by the enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Selenski, 2005). This Mg ²+ enzyme will require is GTP being the donor for when there is the possibility for a phosphoryl transfer reaction, thus losing the loss of a CO ² molecule. Therefore, within this first step bypass synthesis, the reaction has gone from, phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate, and overall one (1) ATP is gained. In returning to phosphoenolpyruvate from pyruvate, the equivalent of 2 ATP must be consumed (Selinsky, 2002). Note that the CO ² that was gained in the pyruvate in the beginning of the pyruvate carboxylase step, has now been loss in the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. The second (2) bypass Now, to go from phosphoenolpyruvate to fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate into 6-bisphosphate, with this reaction the same reaction can be used, entirely by the concentrations of substrates and products (Selinsky, 2002). Because the reaction being exponentially endergonic, thus irreversible, the transition from the fructose 6-phosphate uses a catalyst from a different Mg ² + enzyme called the dependent fructose 1, 6-bisphosphatase, (Lehninger, ) This will promote an irreversible hydrolysis at the C-1 phosphate (Lehninger,). This is the third (3) bypass of gluconeogenesis which is the final step and in most tissues gluconeogenesis would end at the fructose 6-phosphate which was generated by fructose 1, 6 bisphosphatase being converted into glucose 6-phosphate. So, basically instead of having free glucose being generated, glucose 6-phosphate would be converted in glycogen ( Tymoczko, 2013). In this final step of gluconeogenesis, free glucose is will take shelter in the liver. Glucose 6-phosphate is then transported into the lumen if the endoplasmic recticulum, thus it is then hydrolyzed to glucose by the glucose 6-phosphatase (Tymoczko, 2013). Note that each of the step reactions that have been achieved, to the formation of glucose from pyruvate is considered energetically unfavorable, unless there are coupling reactions which are favorable (Tymoczko, 2013). In the end of this biosynthesis there are six (6) nucleoside triphosphate molecules that have been hydrolyzed in order to achieved a synthesize of glucose from pyruvate (Tymoczko, 2013). Regulation Gluconeogenesis is highly regulated by a series of regulations. The steps are broken down and now they have to be a regulation in gluconeogenesis. It is obvious that it’s going to have a direct correlation contrast to glycolysis. Consider the first stage in which energy is needed (Tymoczko, 2014). The main site of regulations is seen when the there is a regulation in the activity of PFK-1 and F1,6BPase and this would be the most important site for the controlling of the flux which is toward glucose oxidation or even when there is glucose synthesis. As described in control of glycolysis, this is predominantly controlled by fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, F2,6BP which is a powerful negative allosteric effector of F1,6Bpase activity (King, 2004). â€Å"Acetyl CoA is an allosteric effector of both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Acetyl-CoA inhibits pyruvate kinase and reciprocally activates pyruvate carboxylase (Miles,2003). Second, insulin and glucagon are very important when regulating pathway (Wallace,2002). There will be a decline in the response to the glucagon stimulation, when the level of Fructose 2,6 bisphosphate decline in the hepatocytes (King, 2014). Once these signals are stimulated the signals will be excited through an activation of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (King, 2014). Both the PFK2 and fructose bisphosphatase are present in the 55-kd polypeptide chain (Tymoczko, 2013). here is a substrate enzyme which is bifunctional (King, 2014) which contains a N-terminal regulatory domain (Tymoczko, 2013) being responsible for the synthesis of the hydrolysis of fructose 2, 6- bisphosphate and that is the protein kinase a phosphatase domain. Therefore once the PFK-2 is phosphorylated by PKA it will start to dephosphorlate, by acting as a phosphatase (King, 2014). â€Å"AMP will ultimately enhances the inhibition of Fructose-2,6-BP. Note that these allosteric effectors of fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase all are allosteric effectors of phosphofructokinase (Miles, 2003). These effectors reciprocally regulate both enzymes. Furthermore, fructose 1, 6-bisphosphase once it’s active, its activity will be highly regulated by the ATP to ADP concentration (Tymoczko, 2014). When this is high then gluconeogenesis can proceed to its highest potential. PROKARYOTES VERSUS EUKARYOTES Gluconeogenesis conversion happens in both the eukaryotic and prokaryotes, however it is very important to know its difference. In eukaryotes the lactate that is formed anaerobically within the muscles will be converted to glucose in liver and kidney, thus being stored as glycogen or even being released as blood glucose (Davis, 2014). In prokaryotes the production of the G3P product of photosynthesis will be converted in a starch form and then further stored in the chloroplasts or even being converted into glucose and sucrose, where it is then exported to the other tissues for starch storage (Davis, 2014). As stated above when it comes to the biosynthesis of all eukaryotes, it is an requirement for survival, because so much of the homeostasis of the body (e.g., the brain and the nervous system),glucose from the blood as the primary fuel source ( Nelson, 2012). Just alone the human brain will require as much as 120 g of glucose with a one day period (Nelson, 2012). When considering eukaryotes gluconeogenesis will primarly occur in the liver and also in the kidney but not much. In prokaryotes the seedlings, will find that it stores the fate and proteins, which are then converted into disaccharide sucrose foe the ability of transport throughout the plant that is developing (Nelson, 2012). â€Å"The glucose and its derivatives are precursors in the synthesis of plant cell walls, nucleotides and coenzymes, and a variety of other essential metabolites† (Nelson, 2012). There are many small organisms that are capable to grow on what are plain organic compounds like acetate, lactate, and propionate. They then will convert to glucose by gluconeogenesis (Nelson, 2012). Defects Pathway Although the pathway may be highly regulated, there are still possibilities for defects to occur. As stated in the beginning of this paper fructose 1, 6-bisphosphatase is very crucial; as it aids in biochemical reactions and many of the physiological functions of the body. In the mechanism of fructose 1, 6- bisphosphatase, there is the Glu98 which will activate a molecule consisting of water. That water molecule will than attack the phosphorus atom on the 1-phosphate of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (Kelly, 2006).â€Å"The hydrolysis of a phosphate ester can proceed through an intermediate of metaphosphate (dissociative mechanism) or through a trigonal bipryamidal transition state (associative mechanism)† (Kelly, 2006). Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase which catalyzes the hydrolysis of D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) to D-fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) and inorganic phosphate (Pi), it is the very key to the eyzamatic process of gluconeogenesis (Sato, 2004). phosphofructokinase is also an important catalyze reaction, because it will catalyze the reverse reaction, â€Å"the phosphorylation of F6P during glycolysis, the unidirectional FBPase regulates the flux of sugar metabolism† (Sato,2004). Furthermore, the enzymatic block can lead to the high amount of accumulation of gluconeogenic precursors (e.g. certain amino acids, lactic acid, and ketoacids) (Kelley, 2006). Therefore, when there is a fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase deficiency is an inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder and a person would have what is called a severe lactic acidosis and also with a diagnose of hypoglycemia. Disease Population in the United States In the United States alone about 10 percent of this nations population is diagnosed with hypoglycemia, from the defect in the enzyme fructose 1, 6, bisphosphatase. This disease affects those who are typically obese and or have type 2 diabetes. In order to try and control the diseas population treatments are use, like Metformin. Metformin is an anti-hyperglycemic reagent that has been used in the patients for over the past several years, in obese patients or overweight patients whose blood glucose levels cannot be controlled non-pharmacologically (Salpeter, 2010). â€Å"Fructose 1,6-BPase is a target for the development of drugs in the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes, which afflicts over 15 million people in the United States† (Kelley, 2006). Today it is still unknown on how fructose-1, 6 bisphosphatase is genetically inherited, there are still ongoing studies. Some of the ongoing studies that were seen is if Reye syndrome and sudden infant death, have a direct correlation to a defect in this enzyme, however the research still continues. As stated above, the primary target for hypoglycemia is still heavily looked upon in the obese community, and overweight community, because they are more susceptible to getting diabetes. As see fructose 1, 6 bisphosphatase is the key precursor for the gluconeogenesis pathway to occur. It is very important that the sugar intake is watch closely, when children are at a young age. According to a recent study, it is shown that fructose intolerant is seen in late infancy stage and only after they have a dietary ingestion of foods that are containing fructose or sucrose. Foods such as such as fruits, juices are the primary transportantion. The organs commonly affected by fructose bisphosphatase deficiency are liver, kidney cortex and intestinal mucos (Frazier, 2013). Overall Pathway of Gluconeogenesis Now, putting the metabolic pathway all together, Conclusion Fructose 1, 6 bisphosphatase is a very crucial enzyme to the continuance of gluconeogenesis regulation. With the literature that has been conducted, it lays out step by step why this metabolic biosynthesis pathway is vital to eukaryotic and prokaryotic. There are ways to combat this disease, and that is by maintaining a healthy diet. This entail will work to defeat the affects that this has on the population. BIBLIOGRAPHY Brandt, M. Amino Acid Breakdown. 2003. Retrieved from https://www.rose-hulman.edu/~brandt/Chem330/Amino_acid_breakdown.pdf. (Accessed December 5, 2014). Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryer L. Biochemistry. 5th edition. New York: W H Freeman; 2002. Chapter 16, Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis. Diwan, J. Gluconeogenesis: Regulation of Glycolysis Gluconeogenesis. Retrieved from http://www.rpi.edu/dept/bcbp/molbiochem/MBWeb/mb1/part2/gluconeo.htm#intro. (Accessed December 5, 2014). Frazier D. Glycogen Storage Disease Laboratory. 2013. Retrieved from http://pediatrics.duke.edu/divisions/medical-genetics/biochemical-genetics-laboratory/glycogen-storage-disease-laboratory/tes-8. (accessed on December 5, 2014) 2014). King, M. Gluconeogenesis: Endogenous Glucose Synthesis. 2014. Retrieved from http://themedicalbiochemistrypage.org/gluconeogenesis.php#. (Accessed December 5, 2014). Kelley, M. Fructose 1-6 Bisphosphatase. Retrieved from http://faculty.uca.edu/mkelley/4121 Web pages/Student_Webpages_2006/Aanu ogunbanjo web things/The webbie.html. (Accessed December 5, 2014). UC Davis. 2013. Gluconeogenesis. Retrieved from http://www-plb.ucdavis.edu/courses/bis/105/lectures/Gluconeogenesis.pdf. (Accessed December 5, 2014). Lehniger, Nelson, and Cox. Principles of Biochemistry. 2002. Retrieved from http://www.irb.hr/users/precali/Znanost.o.Moru/Biokemija/Literatura/Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, Fourth Edition David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox.pdf. (accessed on December 5, 2014). Miles, B. Gluconeogenesis. 2003. Retrieved from https://www.tamu.edu/faculty/bmiles/lectures/gluconeogenesis.pdf. (Accessed December 5, 2014). Ophart, C. Glycogenesis, Glycogenolysis, and Gluconeogenesis. 2003. Retrieved from http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/604glycogenesis.html. (Accessed December 5, 2014). Selinsky, B. Biosynthesis: Gluconeogenesis. 2005. Retrieved from http://www22.homepage.villanova.edu/barry.selinsky/CHM%204622/Carbohydrate%20II%20M16%2005.pdf. (Accessed December 5, 2014). Salpeter SR. Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Retrieved from http://www.bibliotecacochrane.com/pdf/CD002967.pdf. (Accessed December 5, 2014). Wallace C., Barritt G. Gluconeogenesis. 2002. Encyclopedia of life sciences: p:1-8. (Accessed December 5, 2014).

The Alaskan wilderness :: Environment, Fishing, Hunting

The Alaskan wilderness is one of the most controversial topics discussed in the United States today. There are many different opinions and regulations pertaining to certain topics affecting the natural landscape of Alaska. One such topic is hunting for brown bear. While these massive animals face no current danger of being wiped out as a result of hunting, it is still a controversial and constantly debated issue. Over ninety-five percent of the United States’ brown bear resides in Alaska. Brown bears are one of the more appealing attractions for visitors to Alaska. According to the Alaskan Outdoor Journal, there are places all throughout Alaska that are designated brown bear viewing areas (Alaska Outdoor Journal, 2010). However many who come to Alaska for the brown bear don’t simply come to observe. Instead, they come for the hunt. These animals are constantly hunted for sport, and since they reproduce at a very low rate, this has the potential to jeopardize the total p opulation of the brown bear. Overall, I believe that brown bear hunting should remain legal. According to the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, the brown bear is located all throughout Alaska, mostly in areas that allow them to seasonally hunt salmon (Alaska Fish & Game, 2010). This allows them to become larger and live in higher concentrations than the grizzly bear. The traditional brown bear and the grizzly bear are actually both classified as brown bears, despite having several differences in appearance. Brown bears are one of the most fascinating and powerful species in the Alaskan wilderness. Cubs are usually born during January or February, usually in groups of one to four (Alaska Fish & Game). A fully grown, male brown bear can weigh up for 1,500 pounds and be over 10 feet in stature (Alaska Fish & Game, 2010). Brown bears also have the ability to run at speeds up to 40 mph for short bursts of time (Alaska Fish & Game). All of these unique characteristics make many people upset that it is legal to hunt them. There are several groups that are working to conserve the brown bear population, particularly in Alaska, such as The Northern Forum’s Brown Bear Working Group (Fish & Wildlife Journal, 2010). The bear population in Alaska is thriving and is classified as a status of least concern, by the IUCN Red List (IUCN, 2010). Overall, the brown bear population faces no danger whatsoever.

Define Evidence Based Practice Health And Social Care Essay

Evidence based pattern is a cant that appeared in healthcare scenes in last decennary. Pressure from authorities bureaus on health care suppliers to present first-class clinical pattern additions importance in execution of grounds based pattern. In order to prolong effectual result in rehabilitation, is indispensable for clinician to attest evidence-based pattern into clinical made determination. The purpose of essay is to specify grounds based pattern ( EBP ) and execution of paradigm, EBP into occupational therapy procedure in Peter ‘s instance. In order to understand Peter ‘s instance paper draws information about his status, multiple induration ( MS ) . Essay will research evidence-based pattern through scope of researches in occupational therapy ( OT ) intercession, placing possible benefits for Peter ‘s wellbeing. Evidence-based pattern is one of most problematic procedure of last few decennaries. EBP developed and arouse from evidence-based medical specialty defined by Professor David Sackett and other bookmans, as an effort to happen best grounds to help healthcare professionals with doing best determinations for patients ( Bailey et al, 2007 ) . EBP is procedure where gathered best available grounds and clinical expertness assists clinical decision-making. Decision procedure is apprehensible for client, justifiable to other health care professionals, where gathered grounds ( through research procedure ) allows clinician to measure current pattern. Collaboration between patient satisfaction, clinical judgement, and up to day of the month information boom EBP to go powerful toll to underpin clinical intercession ( Taylor, 2000 ) . Definition of EBP is based on best grounds, clinical expertness, patient values, and fortunes where clinician takes under consideration all those elements in patter n scenes. Clinician is expected in EBP procedure to use unfavorable judgment, educational accomplishments and to recognize system of values meaningful for client ( Hoffman et al, 2009 ) . When using grounds into intercession clinician is proved to utilize accomplishments upon which he or she could judge and recognize best grounds for pattern. Hierarchy of grounds to recognize best grounds to underpin intercession ushers clinician ( Taylor, 2000 ) . Author as the strongest and most valid elevates systematic reappraisals and meta-analyses from all, through which clinician has entree to print and unpublished grounds. Taylor ( 2000 ) recognises ‘gold criterion ‘ grounds in randomize control tests ( RTC ) ; they are to be considered by healthcare professionals as effectual in intercession. Limited credibleness is given to non-experimental surveies, non-randomized tests, sentiments or experts treatment where degree of cogency is low. EBP takes signifier of several stairss to turn to information to relevant intercession: inquiring the inquiry, seeking for grounds, critically measuring grounds, collaborate grounds with clinical expertness and client personal values and eventually measure. The signifier of inquiry could find information about certain patient. Clinical inquiry includes several constituents: P – patient and/or job, I – intercession, C – comparative intercession ( optional, include if relevant ) , O – result ( PICO ) . For illustration, in Peter ‘s instance clinician through formulated clinical inquiry determines valid information about him: P -middle age male with multiple induration, I – occupational therapy, C- physical therapy, vocational therapy and O- benefit in patient good being ( Hoffmann et al, 2009 ) . Evidence research for PICO is a following measure for clinician. Valid information gathered through stairss of EBP procedure needs dependable beginning , where stuffs and mentions are found. Key facet of EBP is for clinician to hold entree to books, diaries, conferences, RCT, systematic reappraisals, and databases. Clinician is aided by presents engineering in journey to happen best grounds ; allied tool is internet where most of databases are placed. AMED, BNI, EMBASE, HMIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, HEALTH BUSINESS ELITE, The Cochrane Database, and OTseeker are databases that aid and usher grounds based healer to develop sufficient and expressed grounds in clinical intercession ( Hoffmann et al, 2009 ) . Best grounds is determined by evidence-based clinician on cogency of grounds through hierarchy of research ( Lin et al, 2010 ) . Critical assessment of grounds clinician bases on RCT, where RCT could be best pick to underpin intervention options. EBP procedure is tailored to patient ‘s demands and beliefs, so client could experience sceptered and included in rehabilitation procedure. For illustration, in Peter ‘s instance client-centred occupational healer would concentrate on Peter ‘s precedences, which are employment and his cognition about MS. Although clinician in rehabilitation procedure manifests EBP, execution of EBP could be a challenge for both parties ( Lin et al, 2010 ) . Procedure can be clip devouring due to big sum of researches available. High demand to understand researches for both parties is seen as an obstruction. Therapist could hold limited cognition to carry on peculiar research or deficiency of understanding patient ‘s ends. However grou nds based healer could seek aid from current employer in ongoing preparation, communicate arouse issues with other wellness professionals and client or collaborate to carry on little group grounds based undertaking ( Lin et al, 2010 ) . Peter diagnosing is relapsing- remitting signifier of multiple induration. Harmonizing to National Institute for Clinical Excellence ( NICE, 2004 ) multiple induration is chronic, progressive disease of the cardinal nervous system, which affects immature and middle-aged grownups. MS causes harm to medulla, which is fatty substance surrounds the encephalon and spinal cord. Scare tissues within the encephalon or spinal cord replace medulla. Damage leads to disruption in ability of nervousnesss to carry on electrical urges. Persons affected by MS experience functional loss, including failing, weariness, spasticity and damages of knowledge, vision, address, get downing, intestine, and vesica map. MS occurs with an episode from which single recover full, after that, disease develops in certain signifier. NICE ( 2004 ) statistics shows that 80 % persons with MS are diagnosed with relapsing- remitting signifier of disease. Get worsing – remitting disease occurs when patients experien ce backsliding, which can last from 1 twenty-four hours to several months. Relapse occurs in loss of mobility, loss in map of vesica, loss of vision, general palsy of the voluntary musculuss. There is no patterned advance between backslidings. Multiple induration is long-run status with complex jobs, which requires broad scope of healthcare professions input: nurses, physicians, doctors, occupational healers and many more. At the present, there is no remedy for disease ( NICE, 2004 ) . Turning now to discourse evidence-based pattern occupational therapy intercessions, which could be good for Peter. Peter expresses symptoms of anxiousness, he does non cognize much about his status, he developed negative stereotype of physician due to deficient sum of information about his unwellness. Evidence based practician could construct curative relationship with Peter, for illustration by effectual communicated information about his status. Evidence based healer would inform patient about his status appropriate to his cognition abilities. Ongoing support, entree to information and advice on intervention could hold positive influence on patient experience during rehabilitation procedure ( Kopke et al, 2010 ) . Kopke et Al ( 2010 ) protocol high spots sufficient and equal information through different channels ( cusps, cyberspace and instruction plans ) allows patient to understand unwellness, to develop direction schemes and to avoid unrealistic outlook from rehabilitation procedure. Occupational healer could develop collaborative relationship with Peter through battle in doing determinations, medical intercessions, and new technological AIDSs tailored to single demands. For illustration, information procedure is tailored and designed for Peter ‘s degree of apprehensio n, Consequently Peter ‘s chief outlooks are reassured by occupational healer – to be included in rehabilitation procedure, fell heard and understood. Furthermore, patient can understand complexness of disease has pick in assorted intervention options and feels empowered ( Reynolds, 2005 ) . MS has impact on many countries on people life, where employment position concern persons, many may fight to stay in work function. Sweetland et Al ( 2007 ) undertook survey, where participants were tape recorded to demo outlooks and deductions for patients with MS in vocational market. Paper demonstrated demand in MS work force population entree to vocational rehabilitation, support public presentation in work topographic point, direction of anxiousness and fright from favoritism. Peter wellbeing is influenced by fright, uncertainness about employment position, deficient money income, and deteriorating wellness status. Define employment statute law to patient and employment rights, as a disable individual and supply vocational support ( Disability Employment Advisers and the Access to Work Scheme ) , could steer Peter to understand his position in work field ( Sweetland et al, 2007 ) . Evidence based practician could present Peter to statute law act. For illustration, Disability Dis crimination Act ( 1995 ) could demo Peter his rights as an employee. Information about eligibility to societal benefits allows service user to experience reassured about fiscal facet of life ( Johnson et al, 2004 ) . To assist in employment service occupational healer could intercede with Job Centre and local authorities governments ( council ) to accomplish fiscal grant for version in work environment harmonizing to patterned advance of unwellness. However, healer has to be aware about patient status at work. Peter complains about weariness ( overpowering fatigue ) and musculus cramp. Peter is a forklift truck driver, remain in same on the job environment could set on hazard himself and others. MS exposes persons to hazard of hurt because weariness could take to nausea, freak out, and loss of balance. Ongoing appraisal of work conditions is of import for persons to show jobs as they arise. Management of weariness symptoms, support from employer and work co-workers, flexible work ag enda, cognition development about societal benefits could hold positive impact on employment public presentation. Informing employer about unwellness would be of import due to wellness and safety issues, moreover to put up solutions in working environment. Taking into history Peter ‘s outlooks and demands grounds based pattern healer could develop intercession where Peter could prolong effectual employment ( Johnson et al, 2004 ) . Young and in-between age grownups are affected by Peter ‘s status ( MS ) . Assorted facets of single life are affected by unwellness. Disturbance occurs in instruction, employment, physical operation or disablement and of import to many sexual life. Clinically effectual healer using intercession in sexual life filed should take sensitive attack. Peter ‘s status would hold impact on his sexual public presentation, hence healer should concentrate on client-centred attack, adapt actions to carry through patient demands and outlooks. Often patients exhibit demands, but they do non show them, where upon that grounds based healer should use observation accomplishments and intuition in rehabilitation procedure ( Reynolds, 2005 ) . Insufficiency in curative apprehension of biographical breaks such as relationship dislocation due to hapless or absence of sexual activities can be a barrier between patient and healer. Effective communicating has a important function in active engage ment into rehabilitation where issues of sexual disfunction arise. Although, sexual life is meaningful demand of many persons, abashing nature of issue for patient and healer may act upon patient ‘s attachment to long-run intervention ( Reynolds 2005 ) . Evidence based practician acknowledges complexness of sexual disfunction reding patient to seek advice in collaborative services like reding. In Peter ‘s instance, client- centred healer through sensitive attack could turn to jobs with erectile disfunction or is prepared for comment from patient side. Evidence based practician could turn to Peter with pharmacological aid ( Viagra ) ; offer to see specializer in sexual jobs and advice how to utilize sexual AIDSs or accommodate sexual place ( NICE, 2004 ) . Multiple induration is long term neurological status. Harmonizing to World Health Organization ( WHO, 2008 ) , there is no intervention that can bring around MS. Evidence shows that cost of medical intervention can be expensive and it is merely limited to decelerate down patterned advance of disease. WHO papers ( 2008 ) high spots importance of rehabilitation procedure in MS. For illustration grounds, based healer could pull attending to direction schemes for unwellness. Occupational healer could demo Peter how to pull off weariness through maintaining day-to-day journal of activities, regular exercising and implement agenda of brakes between activities. Evidence based healer could intercede with other healthcare professions to advance client centred attack to MS. Result of coaction between multidisciplinary squad could be good for Peter. For illustration, evidence-based occupational healer could join forces with psychologist, where psychological science session could assist Peter ad just to, and header with MS. Finally yet significantly, rehabilitation procedure could better quality of his life ( WHO, 2008 ) . This overview of surveies is focused on efficiency of occupational therapy for Peter, who suffers from MS. Key aspect for grounds based pattern healer is to enable Peter to stay independent and supply him with accomplishable ends. Occupational therapy for Peter could hold problem-solving attack. Critically measuring their pattern grounds based occupational healer would make chances where Peter could heighten his life quality. Evidence based healer would seek advice from other wellness attention professions and authorities bureaus, local governments to advance effectual and sustainable employment position. Effective communicating between occupational therapy and Peter would construct profession relationship, which could be a span to prosecute patient in lifetime rehabilitation journey. Empathic, client centred occupational therapy procedure would be perceive as allied tool to assist Peter to understand his hard and complex unwellness. However, occupational healer would non be able to handle his status, however evidence-based occupational healer could assist Peter prolong his independency and enable Peter to recover feeling of ‘normality ‘ . Mentions: Bailey, D. , M. , Bornstein, J. , & A ; Ryan, S. ( 2007 ) . A instance study of evidence-based pattern: From academe to clinic. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 61 ( 1 ) , 85-91. Disability Discrimination Act 1995. ( 1995 ) London: HMSO Hoffmann, T. , Bennett, S. , Del Mar, C. ( 2009 ) . Evidence-Based Practice Across the Health Care Professions. Australia: Elsevier. Johnson, K. , L. , Amtmann, D. , Yorkston K. , M. , Klasner, E. , R. , Kuehn, C. , M. ( 2004 ) . Medical, Psychological, Social, and Programmatic Barriers to Employment for Peoples with Multiple Sclerosis. Journal of Rehabilitation. [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //proquest.umi.com/pqdweb? Ver=1 & A ; Exp=10-27-2015 & A ; FMT=7 & A ; DID=577472521 & A ; RQT=309 & A ; cfc=1 [ Accessed 28 October 2010 ] Kopke, S. , Solari, A. , Khan, F. , Heesen, C. , Giordano, A. ( 2010 ) . Information proviso for individuals with multiple induration. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 10. Art. No. : CD008757. Department of the interior: 10.1002/14651858.CD008757. Lin, S. , H. , Murphy, S. , L. , Robinson, J. , C. ( 2010 ) . Facilitating Evidence-Based Practice: Procedure, Strategies, and Resources. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 64 ( 1 ) , 164-171. National Institute for Clinical Excellence and the National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions ( 2004 ) Multiple Sclerosis: National clinical guideline for diagnosing and direction in primary and secondary attention. London: Royal College of Physicians. Reynolds, F. ( 2005 ) . Communication and Clinical Effectiveness in Rehabilitation. London: Elsevier. Sweetland, J. , Riazi, A. , Cano, S. , J. , Playford, E. , D. ( 2007 ) . Vocational rehabilitation services for people with multiple induration: what patients want from clinicians and employers. Multiple Sclerosis. [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //proquest.umi.com/pqdweb? Ver=1 & A ; Exp=11-09-2015 & A ; FMT=7 & A ; DID=1370288031 & A ; RQT=309 [ Accessed on 10 November 2010 ] Taylor, M. , C. ( 2000 ) . Evidence- based pattern for occupational healers. Oxford: Blackwell Science.World Health Organisation ( 2008 ) . Atlas multiple induration resources in the universe 2008. [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/mental_health/neurology/Atlas_MS_WEB.pdf [ Accessed on 28 October 2010 ]Student figure: 1041133Discuss the strengths and restrictions of the educational cusp that you developed within a little group during HH1103 seminars.The purpose of this essay is rating of educational and communicational stuff in signifier of cusp based on Helen instance, who suffers from Juvenile Chronic Arthritis ( JCA ) . Essay draws definition of status and find how cusp is presented and why. Furthermore, paper demonstrates leaflet restrictions and strengths and how good meets it purpose. The intent of the cusp was to inform Helen and her parents, in simple signifier and mode, about her condition-JCA. Furthermore, cusp is designed to go through mes sage about available services, signifier of rehabilitation, and direction of JCA. Leaflet chief subject is concentrated around solutions in life manner and rehabilitation for 14-year-old miss Helen. Leaflet is designed upon Helen personal experience and her unwellness JCA. JCA is status, which affects articulations in kids, age under 16 old ages old. One in 1000 kids in United Kingdom is affected ; in relation to gender, females are impacted more than males. Skin haste, joint puffiness, febrility, alteration in temper are symptoms associated with JCA. Rehabilitation procedure has successful rate in bulk instances ; it enables single to continue normal rate of growing and psychological development ( Arthritis Care, 2010 ) . The cusp is composed in simple signifier where colorful strategy would pull Helen ‘s attending. Choice of the colors is non sponsoring, it is modern and does non hold important impact on cost of bring forthing the cusp ( Department of Health, 2003 ) . When it comes to artworks, images suggest activities in which Helen could prosecute and present to the remainder of the household importance of active life style. For illustration, image of the household in swimming pool displayed on the forepart of the cusp, illustrates intending to rehabilitation procedure. Furthermore, it encourages Helen and her household to take part in activity. Swiming Sessionss could actuate household to pass quality clip together and authorise Helen in her unwellness. The National Health Service ( NHS ) logo could be discouragement for Helen, doing cusp to functionary. However, it could be invitation point for her parents, where it could be a beginning of credibleness ( Department of Health, 2003 ) . The font size is clear and information flow through the cusp. Information is arranged in little intersections to do more apprehensible for kids. It was of import to implement slug points where possible so leaflet draws attending and it is non deadening, but has patient friendly-text facet. Identify beginning of information is distinguished where it proved cusp to be honorable usher to JCA ( Department of Health, 2003 ) . It was precedence to turn up information about medical intervention. Helen conformity with medicine is deficient. Information introduced in cusp could carry her to follow guidelines from GP related to her medical intervention. There is some grounds, where written information about medicine has benefits on patients ‘ results: like cognition or conformity ( Nicolson et al, 2009 ) . Conformity with medicine could be good for Helen by cut downing degree of hurting ; subsequently medicine would cut down swelling of the articulations and enable Helen in active engagement in physical signifier of intervention. The country where cusp informs patient about medicine could be less enlightening. Information about medicines could be to formal for Helen by seting her off. However, cusp could steer Helen into different beginning of information ( cyberspace or other cusps ) , where medicine is explained in simple linguistic communication, and inside informations possible side effects ( Nicolso n et al, 2009 ) . It is a challenge to develop cusp for the patient with low readability and those who expect information that is more specific. Determine whether the cusp linguistic communication is comprehendible and suited for bulk of population is based on Reading Ease mark ( Reynolds, 2005 ) . Language used in cusp is clear to average 13-14 twelvemonth old kid. Simple and apparent linguistic communication could be easy to retrieve. Verbal information could be easy forgot or misunderstood during patient audience session. Written information could hence patient engagement in rehabilitation ( Dixon-Woods, 2001 ) . Medical slang is reduced to minimum when explicating JCA. Adequate cognition about status explained in apparent linguistic communication could be a signifier of instruction. Available intervention options for Helen ‘s status could authorise her parents in decision-making procedure ( Dixon-Woods, 2001 ) . However, if patients who would wish to research status in more inside informatio ns, cusp should supply more equal information in last subdivision of cusp. Overall, construct of the cusp is good. Leaflet is non merely about patient information, but has legion advice and solutions for Helen and her household. Therefore, it seems reasonable that cusp ushers reader to seek advice in extra services. Group could implement few betterments in some countries. Where needed squad could concentrate on board populace and made it leaflet less official. Furthermore, would be good if cusp explore more about occupational therapy and physical therapy rehabilitation for Helen. Nevertheless, cusp achieved it chief intent: to pass on information about Helen ‘s status to her and household.